The use of the Tetanus vaccine and when to get it

The tetanus vaccine is recommended by the world health organization, WHO, to be given routinely to children, adults, and tourists who will visit an area where cases of tetanus are spreading. Learn about the use of the tetanus vaccine and its immunization period here. Tetanus vaccine is given to someone to prevent bacterial infection of Clostridium tetani which produces toxins and causes muscle stiffness. Tetanus infection can lead to serious health problems to death. Tetanus bacteria are commonly found in soil or mud and enter the body through wounds or open areas on the skin. But it can also be found in animal or human feces. This disease can also affect infants whose umbilical cord care is inadequate. At the time the baby is born, cutting the umbilical cord using an unsterile device has high potential to cause tetanus infection in the baby. Other risk factors that can cause tetanus in infants are born to mothers who did not get the TT vaccine (Tetanus Toxoid), or a history of tetanus infection in their siblings at birth. Tetanus generally requires time (incubation period) of seven to eight days to develop up to 1-2 months. Symptoms of headaches and stiffness in the jaw muscles can first appear and then spread to the area of the hands, arms, legs, and back. A stiff neck and blocked breathing can also appear afterwards. If left untreated, this condition can cause respiratory failure. The tetanus vaccine is given to stimulate the body's production of antibodies against tetanus toxins and protect you from the above symptoms or pain that may be experienced due to this disease. There are several types of vaccines that can protect you from tetanus, because they are usually combined with vaccines for other diseases, such as whooping cough or pertussis. Here are the types of vaccines used to prevent and protect you from tetanus: Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Haemophilus influenza type b or DTaP / IPV / Hib given to children under the age of 10 years. The Indonesian Pediatrician Association recommends that this vaccine be given when infants are 2, 3 and 4 months old, by giving a repeat or booster vaccine at the age of 18 months and 5 years. In children over the age of 10 years and adults who have not been vaccinated as a child, this vaccine is given three times every once a month in the form of a Td / IPV type vaccine. The fourth dose of children who have been vaccinated when the baby will be given back three years after the first 3 doses are given, in the form of a type of DTaP / IPV vaccine. In children and adults who have not been vaccinated as a child, the fourth dose will be given back five years after the first 3 doses are given and are in the form of a Td / IPV vaccine. The fifth dose of the child who was vaccinated when the baby will be given back when he is 13-18 years old is a Td / IPV type vaccine. Meanwhile, in children or adults who have not been vaccinated as a child, the fifth dose will be given back ten years after the fourth dose is given as a Td / IPV type vaccine. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and polio or DTaP / IPV given to children under 7 years, starting from the age of 2 months. This vaccine is a type of vaccine given as the fourth dose of a total of 5 recommended doses. Tetanus, diphtheria and polio or Td / IPV given to older children and adults. This vaccine is a type of vaccine given as the fifth dose of the 5 recommended vaccine doses. If you have injuries, especially dirty ones, it is advisable to get anti-tetanus immunoglobulin regardless of your previous vaccination history. This immunoglobulin injection is useful to provide additional protection against tetanus bacteria. Coverage of tetanus vaccine for infants worldwide is estimated at 84%, but tetanus infection is still an important health problem in several countries in Asia and Africa. Based on Indonesia's health profile in 2016, there were a total of 14 cases of tetanus in infants throughout Indonesia and 9 of them occurred in babies born assisted by non-medical personnel and 6 of them died. Therefore, it is important for pregnant women to get a prenatal check up and deliver aided by professional medical personnel. Getting the tetanus vaccine is highly recommended for all family members and can already be given to babies who reach the age of two months. You are also advised to complete the series of immunization periods, because you may still be infected with this bacteria and not make you immune even though you have been infected before. You can look for additional information or discuss with your doctor about tetanus, the tetanus vaccine, and health and treatment risks.

Influenza Vaccine, Recognize the Benefits to Side Effects

Influenza vaccine is the best protection against flu, especially during the transition season that is susceptible to causing flu. Although it sounds like a mild illness, in fact influenza can cause major problems for some people. Influenza is an acute and contagious viral infection that attacks the respiratory tract. There are two subtypes of influenza virus namely subtype A and B. This virus spreads through the air and physical contact such as shaking hands with people with flu. If left untreated, this disease can trigger a recurrence of concomitant diseases such as asthma, or secondary infections due to bacteria. Complications due to flu are more at risk in the elderly, pregnant women, children aged 6 months to 5 years, medical workers, and sufferers of certain diseases, such as HIV / AIDS, chronic heart or lung disease, and asthma. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of influenza reaches 5 million cases per year and the death rate from this disease re

Hib Vaccine to Prevent Serious Diseases in Children

Hib vaccine protects your toddler from bacterial infections that cause meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglotitis. If you do not get the vaccine, these diseases have the potential to cause disability and even death. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterium that causes serious illness which is a class of Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. This bacterial infection usually affects children under 5 years of age. However, adults who suffer from certain medical conditions can also develop diseases due to Hib bacterial infection. Why do you need Hib vaccine? More than 90 percent of Hib bacterial infections occur in children under 5 years old. The highest incidence is found in infants aged 6-12 months. Hib bacteria can live in the nose and throat of healthy people, and usually do not cause any symptoms. Spread through mucus or snot from the throat and nose of the patient, for example when he coughs or sneezes. If you have been in contact with Hib bacteria, children can experience va

The Importance of PCV Vaccine Prevents Meningitis and Other Dangerous Diseases

As the name implies, the PCV vaccine or pneumococcal vaccine protects the body from pneumococcal bacterial infections. Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia (severe infections). Permanent damage to the brain, even death can occur in certain cases that are very severe. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria live in the nasal wall and back of the throat, which in large quantities can cause middle ear canal infections, respiratory tract, meningitis, and sinus cavity infections. Thirty percent of these bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and can be spread through physical contact, sneezing, and coughing. Now researchers have identified more than 90 types of pneumococcal bacteria, and 8 to 10 of them are pneumococcal bacteria that can cause disease in humans. Although pneumococcal infection can occur to anyone, infants, elderly people aged 65 years or older, and people with chronic health problems are more at risk of experiencing it.

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